Dietary biochar as a feed additive for increasing livestock performance: A meta-analysis of in vitro and in vivo experiment

The present study aimed to evaluate the use of biochar as a feed additive on nutrient utilization and livestock performance by employing meta-analysis method. Various in vitro vivo studies regarding effects rumen fermentation, disappearance, total gas, methane production, microbial population, intake, growth performance, blood constituents, digestibility nitrogen retention were tabulated database. Data analysed using mixed model method which different considered random while addition was treated fixed effect. reduced production (quadratic pattern; P < 0.05), but increased gas (P 0.001). Addition decreased 0.05) volatile fatty acids acetic acid the fermentation data. In data, reduction conversion ratio well < intake parameters dry matter, organic crude protein, neutral detergent fibre observed with addition. Ammonia propionic tended increase linearly supplementation. supplementation (dry fibre) retention. conclusion, ruminant diet modulates increasing decreasing emissions, enhances digestibility,